Physical activity and gain in abdominal adiposity and body weight: prospective cohort study in 288,498 men and women.
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):826-35. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006593. Epub
2011 Feb 23.Physical activity and gain in abdominal adiposity and body weight: prospective cohort study in 288,498 men and women.1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .1Medical Research Council, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. ulf.ekelund@mrc-epid.cam.ac.ukAbstractBACKGROUND: The protective effect of physical activity (PA) on abdominal adiposity is unclear.OBJECTIVE: We examined whether PA independently predicted gains in body weight and abdominal adiposity.DESIGN: In a prospective cohort study [the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)], we followed 84,511 men and 203,987 women for 5.1 y. PA was assessed by a validated questionnaire, and individuals were categorized into 4 groups (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, and active). Body weight and waist circumference were measured at baseline and self-reported at follow-up. We used multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models and stratified our analyses by sex with adjustments for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, educational level, total energy intake, duration of follow-up, baseline body weight, change in body weight, and waist circumference (when applicable).RESULTS: PA significantly predicted a lower waist circumference (in cm) in men (β = -0.045; 95% CI: -0.057, -0.034) and in women (β = -0.035; 95% CI: -0.056, -0.015) independent of baseline body weight, baseline waist circumference, and other confounding factors. The magnitude of associations was materially unchanged after adjustment for change in body weight. PA was not significantly associated with annual weight gain (in kg) in men (β = -0.008; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.003) and women (β = -0.01; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.0006). The odds of becoming obese were reduced by 7% (P & 0.001) and 10% (P & 0.001) for a one-category difference in baseline PA in men and women, respectively.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a higher level of PA reduces abdominal adiposity independent of baseline and changes in body weight and is thus a useful strategy for preventing chronic diseases and premature deaths.PMID:
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2005 Nov 14;93(10):1152-6.O6-(4-bromothenyl)guanine reverses temozolomide resistance in human breast tumour MCF-7 cells and xenografts.1, , , , , , .1Cancer Research UK Carcinogenesis Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester M20 9BX, UK.AbstractTumour resistance to chemotherapy involving methylating agents such as DTIC (dacarbazine) and temozolomide is linked to expression of the DNA repair protein O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (MGMT). There is considerable interest in improving the efficacy of such O(6)-alkylating chemotherapy by the prior inactivation of MGMT. We have examined the effect of the modified guanine base, O(6)-(4-bromothenyl)guanine (PaTrin-2, Patrin, Lomeguatrib) on MGMT activity and cell or xenograft tumour growth inhibition by temozolomide in the human breast carcinosarcoma cell line, MCF-7. PaTrin-2 effectively inactivated MGMT in MCF-7 cells (IC(50) approximately 6 nM) and in xenografts there was complete inactivation of MGMT within 2 h of dosing (20 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and only slight recovery by 24 h. MGMT inactivation in a range of murine host tissues varied between complete and approximately 60%, with extensive recovery by 24 h. PaTrin-2 (10 microM) substantially increased the growth inhibitory effects of temozolomide in MCF-7 cells (D(60)=10 microM with PaTrin-2 vs 400 microM without). In MCF-7 xenografts, neither temozolomide (100 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 5 days) nor PaTrin-2 (20 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 5 days) had any significant effect on tumour growth. In contrast, the PaTrin-2-temozolomide combination produced a substantial tumour growth delay: median tumour quintupling time was increase by 22 days (P&0.005) without any significant increase in toxicity as assessed from animal weight. A PaTrin-2-temozolomide combination may therefore be beneficial in the treatment of human breast cancers.PMID:
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Effect of PaTrin-2 on MGMT activity in MCF7 cells. Values shown are determined from the slope of the activity assay curves and are effectively the mean of at least triplicate estimations. See text for experimental details.Br J Cancer. 2005 November 14;93(10):.Effect of PaTrin-2 (10 μM) on the sensitivity of MCF7 cells to the growth inhibitory effects of temozolomide. See text for experimental details.Br J Cancer. 2005 November 14;93(10):.Kinetics of MGMT depletion in MCF-7 xenografts and other tissues after a single intraperitoneal dose of PaTrin-2 (20 mg kg-1). Points are the means of values (±error (s.d.) for tumour, liver, and kidney) from at least five mice. In order to have sufficient material for assay, bone marrow was pooled from five mice (no s.d. is shown). See text for experimental details.Br J Cancer. 2005 November 14;93(10):.Growth of MCF-7 tumour xenografts in nude mice. Treatment was once daily for 5 days. Points are the means (±s.e.m.) of values from at least five mice. See text for experimental details. Tz=temozolomide.Br J Cancer. 2005 November 14;93(10):.Weight change in nude mice receiving different temozolomide/inactivator combinations. Points are the means from at least five mice. Error (standard deviation) bars are shown only for the PaTrin-2 plus temozolomide group: these are representative of all other groups for which they have been omitted for clarity. Tz=temozolomide.Br J Cancer. 2005 November 14;93(10):.Publication TypesMeSH TermsSubstancesFull Text SourcesOther Literature SourcesMedicalMiscellaneous
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京公网安备75号A membrane-based, high-efficiency, microfluidic debubbler.
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2011 May 7;11(9):1688-93. doi: 10.089e. Epub
2011 Mar 28.A membrane-based, high-efficiency, microfluidic debubbler.1, , .1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, 229 Towne Building, 220 S. 33rd St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , USA.AbstractIn many lab-on-chip applications, it is necessary to remove bubbles from the flow stream. Existing bubble removal strategies have various drawbacks such as low degassing efficiency, long degassing time, large dead volumes, sensitivity to surfactants, and the need for an external vacuum or pressure source. We report on a novel, simple, robust, passive, nozzle-type, membrane-based debubbler that can be readily incorporated into microfluidic devices for rapid degassing. The debubbler is particularly suitable to operate with microfluidic systems made with plastic. The debubbler consists of a hydrophobic, porous membrane that resembles a normally closed valve, which is forced open by the working fluid's pressure. To illustrate the operation of the debubbler, we describe its use in the context of a chip containing a bead array for immunoassays. Our debubbler was able to completely filter gas bubbles out of a segmented flow at rates up to 60 ul s(-1) mm(-2) of membrane area.(C) The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011PMID:
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