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A vote for change in Argentina
选举改变阿根廷
Jun 30th 2009
From the Economist Intelligence Unit ViewsWire
Argentina's president is dealt a blow in congressional elections
阿根廷总统在国会选举中受到重创
President Cristina Fernández’s Peronist ruling party suffered a major defeat, losing its legislative majority, in the nationwide June 28th congressional elections. Argentineans have clearly voted against Ms Fernández and her husband, Nestór Kirchner, the former president and leader of the Peronists. It is less clear what they have voted for, however.
总统克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯所属的的阿根廷正义党（又名庇隆主义党）遭受重创，在6月28日举行的全国性国会选举中，失去议会中多数党的地位。阿根廷人立场坚定地反对费尔南德斯和她的丈夫、阿根廷前总统和正义党主席内斯托尔卡洛斯·基什内尔(Nestor Kirchner)。不过，他们选出了什么样的继任者，目前还不明朗。
The newly empowered opposition included candidates with a wide range of views, including on economic policy. In addition, the new lawmakers will not take up their seats until December. The country faces many month of uncertainty in the meantime
新掌权的反对派候选人在包括经济政策在内的想法多多。而且，新议员12月才会就职。这个国家在未来数月里，将面临不确定性。
Ms Fernández Victory Front (Frente para la Victory, FV) lost all key battleground districts, including Buenos Aires Province accounting for nearly 40% of the 28m person electorate. Mr Kirchner led the FV’s ticket there, but came in second to a somewhat eccentric, millionaire Peronist dissident candidate aligned with Mauricio Macri, the popular mayor of Buenos Aires City.
费尔南德斯的“胜利阵线”失去了所有关键选区的支持，包括布宜诺斯艾利斯(Buenos Aires),这个省份的选民占据2800万选民中的40%，基什内尔领导胜利阵线在这里获得了一些选票，但不敌脾气古怪、拥有百万家财的正义党反对者候选人与布宜诺斯艾利斯市的人气市长毛里西奥·马克里(Mauricio Macri)组成的联合阵线。
Mr Macri’s candidate for Buenos Aires City, Gabriela Michetti, also came in first. This makes he and his party coalition Unión Pro big winners and paves the way for his potential entry in the 2011 presidential contest.
马克里提名的布宜诺斯艾利斯市市候选人Gabriela Michetti同样获得了胜利。这使得他和他的政党同盟 Unión Pro 成为最大的赢家，并且为2011年参加总统竞选扫清了障碍。
In Santa Fe Province, the fourth-largest electoral district, former Kirchner ally Carlos Reutemann won a key Senate race and strengthening his already declared presidential ambitions. Julio Cobos, Ms Fernández’s own vice-president, won a landslide 20-point Senate race in Mendoza, the fifth largest electoral district. This makes Mr Cobos another likely presidential candidate in 2011.
在第四大选区圣菲省(Santa Fe)，基什内尔前同盟Carlos Reutemann赢得了关键的参议员竞选， 为其宣称的“角逐总统之位”加大了砝码。费尔南德斯政府的副总统胡利奥·科沃斯(Julio Cobos)，在第五大选区门多萨（Mendoza）以超过20%的压倒性优势获得了参议员竞选，科沃斯因此成为2011年总统竞选的又一个候选人。
The Kirchners even lost in Santa Cruz (albeit by a small margin), a province that they have ruled for about 20 years. For most Argentineans this is a turning-point election, but there are few certainties about how it will affect policy before the new Congress assumes power on December 10th.
基什内尔夫妇甚至在家乡圣克鲁斯省（Santa Cruz）尝到失败苦果（尽管只是微弱劣势），他们在这个省保持了长达20年的优势。对大多数阿根廷人来说，这是一次颠覆性的选举，但这次选举将会如何影响当前政策，在新一届国会12月10日宣誓就职前，仍存在广泛的不确定性。
The farmers’ revenge
农场主的复仇
It is difficult to dissociate the Kirchners’ defeat from their row with farmers that exploded in March 2008, leading to four months of nationwide protests following plan to increase farm export taxes. Although their export tax was ultimately defeated by a tie-breaking Senate vote (made by Mr Cobos), the ruling couple remained intransigent with the farmers and continued to meddle in the sector through, for example, the nationalisation of the grain trade permits system in March 2009.
很难说基什内尔的失败与其和农场主在2008年3月发生的冲突毫无关联，提高农场出口税的计划出台后，农场主们进行了4个月的全国抗议。虽然在特别举行的参议院投票中（科沃斯投的反对票），出口税最终未提高，但是，这对执政夫妻档却并未与农场主达成妥协，例如，在2009年3月，准备将农业品贸易国有化，继续对其进行干预。
When Ms Fernández assumed power in December 2007, her popularity rating was nearly 60%. Several months later, in the midst of her confrontation with the farmers, it dropped to nearly 20% and never fully recovered. Today, her approval rating is estimated at a mere 30%. In contrast to the president, the principal winners in this election defended the farmers.
当费尔南德斯2007年12月就职时，她的支持率大约60%，几个月之后，在其与农场主出现矛盾的中期，支持率下降了20%，从此再未恢复到以前的水平。据估计，现在她的支持率仅仅为30%，形成鲜明对比的是，这次选举中的主要获胜者都站在农场主一边。
The farm debacle, however, is not the only issue that brought down the Kirchners. Large portions of the Argentinean electorate voted for the opposition because they were disenchanted with the confrontational, Chávez-style interventions and increasingly worrying economic indicators. The electorate has been facing double-digit inflation for several years now (although this is officially denied through the presidential couple’s politically costly manipulation of official statistics). Voters are now muddling through a year in which we expect GDP to contract by 3.5%.
无论如何，在农场方面的溃败并非基什内尔失败的唯一原因。相当一部分阿根廷选民把选票投给反对党，是因为他们充满挑剔、对抗的干涉性政策再抱有幻想，对经济形势日益担忧。选民已经数年面对两位数的通货膨胀（虽然通过执政夫妻档操纵的官方数据看，官方对此予以否认）。选民已经有一年都在混日子，我们希望GDP缩减3.5%。
Moreover, Argentineans saw their private retirement funds, amounting to nearly US$30bn, nationalised in October 2008, which many refer to as government confiscation. This move dealt a blow to the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange where the private funds were traded and led to the government having a controlling stake in a number of private companies.
再者，阿根廷人眼见他们的私人退休基金，总数近300亿美元，在2008年10月收归国有，其中很多被政府充公征用。这一变动使得布宜诺斯艾利斯股票市场大跌，私募基金被交易，导致政府对一部分私营企业拥有控制力。
Death by guillotine
One local analyst described the Kirchners’ defeat as death by guillotine, swift and clean. To the relief of many, Mr Kirchner gracefully accepted defeat in a publicly televised address the morning of June 29th by what he referred to as a “small two points” (his opponent Francisco de Narváez of Unión PRO won by 2.5 percentage points in Buenos Aires Province).
一位当地分析家描述基什内尔夫妇的挫败为一刀致命，迅速而彻底。让大多数人安心的是，6月29日早上的公开电视讲话中，基什内尔温和地接受了失败，他称这一失败为“2%的弱小差距”（他的对手Unión PRO的Francisco de Narváez以2.5%的优势在布宜诺斯艾利斯省获得胜利）
As of December 10th, the Kirchners and their allies will officially have 103 deputies (out of 257) and 36 senators (out of 72). Although they remain the most widely represented party, they will not have the necessary majority to pass legislation. It appears, therefore, that their confrontational-style politics will have to give way to a more conciliatory approach in order to push through their agenda. It is still unclear, however, what will happen in the short-term before the congressional delegates assume power in December and begin proposing policy in March 2010, after Argentina’s long summer holiday.
到12月10日，基什内尔夫妇和其同盟有103名众议员（总数257）和36名参议员（总数72）。虽然他们仍是拥有最广泛代表的政党，他们将不再是通过立法案所必须的大多数。因此，为了推进他们的议程，其对抗风格强烈的政见将为更温和的方法所替代，不过，阿根廷漫长的暑假后，在国会代表12月就职和2010年3月提出新政前，短期内将会发生什么，仍不明确。
The country is facing a six-to-nine month period where anything seems possible. Indeed, the day after the election, the Minister of Health resigned amidst an extremely dangerous mid-winter outbreak of the H1N1 virus (also known as swine flu). Argentina, together with Chile and Mexico, has been the most affected in the region with its province of Santa Fe already announcing the cancellation of all schools for a month and health facilities overloaded in Buenos Aires City and Province.
这个国家正面临6至9个月的不确定期，期间什么事都可能发生。事实上，在选举后的第一天，卫生部长因 H1N1 病毒（也叫猪流感）爆发和迅速蔓延而辞职。阿根廷和智利、墨西哥一起，成为受到流感冲击最大的国家，圣菲省 (Santa Fe）已经宣布，所有的学校休课一月，布宜诺斯艾利斯市和省的医疗设施超负荷运转。
As of June 29th there are 1,488 confirmed cases of swine flu in Argentina, with 23 deaths related to the virus having been reported. At present, concern for the leadership vacuum and how the Kirchners may respond to their defeat in the coming months appears to be overshadowing the promise for real political change.
截至6月29日，阿根廷共有1488名猪流感确诊患者，报告有23例死于该流感。现在，对于领导层出现真空和基什内尔夫妇在接下来的几个月里将如何面对失败的担忧，使得政策变化的前景并不令人乐观。
The opposition’s plans
反对者的计划
In the next several months, the winners of the mid-term election will be formulating their policies. If they stick to their campaign promises and can push measures through a closely divided Congress, Argentina’s economic model will likely change from early 2010. It is unlikely that the Kirchners will be able to continue with their current spending spree and their interventionist policies in 2010, especially as they relate to farm exports.
接下来的几个月，中期选举的胜利者将对政策进行规划。假如他们坚持他们的竞选承诺，并能通过一个接近分裂的国会推进这些措施，阿根廷的经济模式将可能在2010年初发生变化。基什内尔夫妇将不太可能在2010年继续他们已有的巨额花费，和继续实行他们干涉性的政策。
During the campaign, Mr Macri even went so far as to say that he would consider the re-privatisation of the pension system and of Aereolineas Argentinas (which the Kirchners took over from the Spanish company Marsans in late 2008). It is doubtful whether his winning candidate in Buenos Aires Province Mr de Narváez agrees, but the direction of change is obvious.
在选举中，马克里甚至表示他可能考虑将退休金系统和阿根廷航空（2008年底基什内尔夫妇从西班牙公司接管过来）重新私有化。由他推举并获得胜利的布宜诺斯艾利斯候选人de Narváez是否同意令人怀疑，但是改变的方向非常明显。
Mr de Narváez’s economic agenda will focus on the broadening of unemployment insurance and on creating fiscal and investment incentives for small and medium size companies to employ young people between the ages of 17 and 24 (who are most susceptible to delinquency and drug use, which have been on the rise). He also calls for the exemption from the 21% VAT tax for products that make up the basic food basket.
de Narváez的经济议案将集中在拓宽失业保险范围、建立财政专项资金和加大投资刺激，以鼓励中小型企业雇用17至24岁的年轻人（他们最易受到犯罪和毒品影响，这一数字日益增加）。他也号召免除对制造足球的基础产品征收21%的增值税。
With regards to the agricultural sector, Mr Narváez calls for the gradual lowering of export retentions and the segmentation of taxes by crop and regions. In addition to a more nuanced tax regime, he proposes to create more transparency in the meat, dairy and grain trades. He also calls for the creation of a new agricultural emergency law to help mitigate the drop in world demand and prices for primary products.
至于农业，Narváez呼吁根据种类和地区逐步减少各种出口税，为了建立更加细化的赋税体系，他提出在肉类、乳品和谷物交易时更加透明。他也呼吁建立新的农业应急法律，以助于缓和全世界对于基础产品需求和价格的减少带来的冲击。
Ms Michetti, the winner for Unión PRO in Buenos Aires City, also looks to strengthen small and medium size businesses with incentives while “promoting free competition without taking away the state’s regulatory function”.
Michetti为 Unión PRO在布宜诺斯艾利斯市获得胜利，认为“推进自由竞争并不是让政府调节功能到一边去”，也期望通过一些经济措施鼓励中小型企业。
There was, however, one surprise winner in Buenos Aires City which could counteract the Unión Pro’s conservatism. Pino Solanas, a former filmmaker and leftist candidate for the Southern Project (Proyecto Sur), surprised everyone with his second-place win in the city. He beat out the centrist, former presidential candidate Elisa Carrió’s candidate, Alfonso Prat-Gay, the former head of Argentina’s Central Bank under President Eduardo Duhalde.
不过，布宜诺斯艾利斯市一个令人惊讶的获胜者可能抵消Unión Pro的保守倾向。前电影制片人和左派候选人Pino Solanas，以第二名的身份在这个城市获得胜利，让所有人惊讶。他击败了温和派、前总统候选人 Elisa Carrió’s的候选人，爱德华多·杜阿尔德（Eduardo Duhalde）总统时期的阿根廷中央银行前总裁Alfonso Prat-Gay。
Mr Solanas is independent of the Kirchners -- whose candidate for the City, Carlos Heller, came in a distant fourth -- but his congressional votes may not diverge too drastically from the Kirchners’ agenda. Mr Solanas, for example, openly supported the Kirchners’ nationalisation of the pension system.
Solanas独立于基什内尔，基什内尔在该城市的候选人Carlos Heller落到了第四名，但Solanas的国会选票却不能说完全没有基什内尔议案的功劳。例如，公开支持基什内尔关于养老金系统国有化的议案。
What next?
Despite their overwhelming electoral defeat, it remains very unlikely that the Kirchners will do a quick 180-degree turn-about. Nor is it likely that the election results themselves will restore Argentineans’ confidence in the economy and prompt people to run out and buy expensive houses, cars and other durable goods. The Kirchners maintain a majority in congress until December.
尽管在选举中一败涂地，基什内尔夫妇来个180度咸鱼翻身，也不是不可能。选举结果本身不可能完全恢复阿根廷在经济方面的信心，并推动人们去买昂贵的房子、车子和其他耐用商品。基什内尔夫妇在12月还拥有国会的大多数席位。
That said, the Buenos Aires stock exchange reacted to the electoral results with a 1.4% rise. And the price of Argentinean bonds increased by more than five percentage points following Mr Kirchner’s announcement that he will resign as leader of the Peronist party. These positive signs, however, do not guarantee a soft landing for an economy that is contracting after seven years of solid growth.
据称，布宜诺斯艾利斯市的股票交易市场对选举结果的反应是，上涨1.4%。在基什内尔发出关于他将辞去正义党领导职务的声明后，阿根廷货币的价格增长了超过5%。不过，这些正面信息并不能确保经济的软着陆，该国经济在几年的稳定增长后正在逐步收缩。
The Kirchners will hopefully provide leadership to navigate the serious health crisis and soften their stance toward the opposition to work toward consensual policies for the economy. Such an approach would allow them to exit gracefully with their dignity intact. A confrontational, take-no-prisoners approach would further destabilise Argentina economically, socially and politically.
基什内尔夫妇若能着手让领导层解决严重的卫生健康危机和软化他们面对反对派实行经济政策时的立场，将使得他们优雅而有尊严地地退出政坛。对抗性的的方式将进一步破坏阿根廷经济、社会和政治的稳定。
President Cristina Fernández’s Peronist ruling party suffered a major defeat, losing its legislative majority, in the nationwide June 28th congressional elections.
总统克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯所属的的阿根廷正义党（又名庇隆主义党）遭受重创，在6月28日举行的全国性国会选举中，失去了大多数选票
losing its legislative majority应该是失去议会中多数党的地位
In addition, the new lawmakers will not take up their seats until December.
而且，12月之前，新的立法者都将不会真正拥有实权。
或许可以这样译：此外，新议员今年12月才会就职
including Buenos Aires Province accounting for nearly 40% of the 28m person electorate.
包括首都布宜诺斯艾利斯(Buenos Aires),这个省份的选民占据2800万选民中的40%，
此处应将首都去掉，布宜诺斯艾利斯省为阿根廷大西洋沿岸的省。面积30.7万平方公里，为全国面积最大、人口最多的省。首府拉普拉塔。
此布宜诺斯艾利斯省和首都布宜诺斯艾利斯市不能混淆。
阿根廷有很多省和城市是同名的，例如下文有提到的Santa Fe，就分别有圣菲省和圣菲市，圣菲为国内已经固定的译法，不必译成圣达菲（好像是一个服装的牌子叫圣达菲）
非常感谢mm指出:loveliness:
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& Comsenz Inc.随习近平夫妇出访女翻译：我不会武功(图)
来源：东北新闻网
习近平偕夫人出访拉美翻译、广外外校校友姚雯敏昨在母校接受采访。 南都记者 冯宙锋 摄
　　南都讯　今年6月，国家主席习近平偕夫人彭丽媛出访拉美时，有位紧随其后的“神秘女性”引发诸多网友猜测。昨天，这位“神秘女性”现身广外外校(广东外语外贸大学附设外语学校)20周年校庆并自解身份之谜。原来这位“神秘女性”姚雯敏是外交部国家级女翻译，她不仅是广外外校校友，还是土生土长的增城妹，2007年起在外交部拉丁美洲及加勒比司工作，曾为多位党和国家领导人服务。
　　解密：不会武功但口才了得
　　随习近平夫妇出访拉美后，曾有媒体猜测，“有点神秘”的姚雯敏看似娇小，实则“武功高强”。昨天，姚雯敏掩面一笑，为自己“正名”，“我不会武功，也没练过跆拳道。我只是一名翻译”。
　　淡蓝色衬衫配深蓝色丝巾，随性的马尾，略施粉黛，出现在公众眼里的姚雯敏大方得体。“我回广州一周了，提前半年申请年假，刚好赶上母校校庆”。姚雯敏一边接受媒体采访，一边热情地跟老师和同学拥抱、问好。
　　姚雯敏初中到高中都在广外外校就读，学校型男靓女数不胜数，她说自己并不是最出众的那个。但身高不足1.6米的她却特别有气场，被老师称为“名嘴”。中学时代，她曾被选拔到广东电视台为“灵格风”(儿童英语系列教材)做英语配音，又被选拔到中央电视台参加外语辩论竞赛。当年的班主任陈老师评价她：中英文口笔功俱佳，“雯敏作文”就是赏心悦目的范文，是不刊之作。
　　求学：考上广外外校前英语不及格
　　姚雯敏是土生土长的增城女孩，谈及她和母校广外外校的缘分，她说“当时是我自己选的，我在家看《现代小学生报》，刚好学校有招生广告，说考试还要面试，就觉得挺新鲜的”。
　　姚雯敏介绍，抱着好玩心态的她，想着如果考到前五就上。“当时增城的英语教育不是太好，我从来没有考过英语听力，来这里是第一次考，当时我英语不及格。”最终她以第57名的成绩考进广外外校，没想到从此与外语结下缘分。
　　“当时学费很贵，家里不是特别宽裕，这个决定很重大，但我爸妈很重视教育”。姚雯敏当年去广外外校要交12万元学费，当时增城有媒体报道，为了让女儿入读广外外校，姚雯敏的父亲卖掉了摩托车，母亲以低于票面价的价格卖掉了手上的投资证券才凑够这笔费用。她父母都在政府基层部门工作，一位熟悉姚家情况的邻居说：姚家不买房、不买车，全部收入都用在供女儿学习上了。
　　“中考时我的分数应该能上广州任何一所重点高中，但我选择留下，因为觉得这个学校更适合我”。三年后，姚雯敏也果然赢得保送到北京外国语大学的机会。
　　工作：熟悉领导人特点要自己做足功课
　　姚雯敏说自己的工作需要特别谨慎，她曾随国家领导人出访巴西，工作时翻错一个单词。此后她意识到出访前要做足功课，比如了解专业词汇等。
　　每位领导人都有自己的语言风格，如习近平就喜欢用古诗词，这对翻译来说是不是个挑战？姚雯敏说，给领导人当翻译，功夫要用在平时。学外语的会有些书籍，例如古诗的翻译法，包括《孙子兵法》，《论语》、《大学》等，“(有些)看似无法翻，但把这些东西都看了还是能找到对应的译文，即使是即兴说出来的，你能理解意思就能用自己的话表达(翻译)出来”。
　　姚雯敏表示，在外交部工作，平时会做大量准备工作，“如一些领导人的相关背景情况，我们拿到材料后，就会自己做功课了”。“领导人各有特点，在和领导人接触一两次后，就知道他是更爱用一些俗语还是更爱用诗词，或者他最近关注的热点是哪些”，姚雯敏说，这些基本了解，领导人是不会事先跟翻译沟通的，只能靠自己平时多看新闻或者通过别的同事介绍情况，分享经验。
　　姚雯敏，女，1984年10月出生，广州增城人，初中、高中均在广外外校(广东外语外贸大学附设外语学校)就读，后被保送至北京外国语大学，毕业后考入外交部工作至今。现为外交部拉丁美洲及加勒比司国家级翻译。
　　领导人是不会事先跟翻译沟通的，只能靠自己平时多看新闻或者通过别的同事介绍情况，分享经验。
　　出名只是个副产品。镜头并不是冲着我来的，我只是刚好出现在镜头里而已。
　　因为工作专业性比较强，到现在还要背单词。我要尽量把遇到不懂的词语的概率降到最低。
　　国家级翻译现在也还要背单词
　　南都：在电视上看到你随领导人出访，你的服饰常是红和黑两种颜色的，对于翻译的着装，外交部有否特别规定？
　　姚雯敏：翻译着装上没有专门规定，主要靠自己把握，这些衣服都是我自己挑的，稳重一点就行，不管是户外还是室内，一般只要是正装就好了。
　　南都：你在日常翻译工作中曾遇到“坎”吗？
　　姚雯敏：曾遇到过一些专业性较强的词听得不是太明白，我请求对方换一个词或稍微解释一下。随领导人出访时，翻译可能要求的知识面更广一些，因为话题比较开放。
　　南都：你对自己的“出名”怎么看？
　　姚雯敏：其实，出名只是个副产品。镜头并不是冲着我来的，我只是刚好出现在镜头里而已。我觉得现在过的生活还是跟学生时代一样，因为工作专业性比较强，到现在还要背单词。我要尽量把遇到不懂的词语的概率降到最低，所以要不停看新闻，出现新的词语就要去学。
　　采写：南都记者 梁艳燕 实习生 朱亚玲
(责任编辑：UN641)
原标题：国家领导人访拉美翻译原是增城妹
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